1. 表示到目前的經驗
2. 到目前已完成或未完成的動作
3. 某事到目前持續多久
現在完成式公式(一 )
1. 主詞 + have / has +just (剛剛) + p.p.
already (已經)
ever (曾經)
never(從不)
not (否定) yet
once
twice
數字+times
主詞 + have / has + p.p.
•I ______ just _______ it. (我剛剛完成它。)
I have just finished it.
•I ______ already _______ it once. (我已經讀過它一次。)
I have already read it once.
動詞的三主要部分
The Three Principal parts of the Verbs
1.原式或現在式(Present Form)
2.過去式 (Past Form)
3.過去分詞 (Past Participle)
*依動詞變化分:
A. 規則動詞 (原式V+ed = 過去式/過去分詞)
play played played
B. 不規則動詞 (**務必熟記)
a. A-A-A 型
b. A-B-B A-B-A型
c. A-B-C 型
a. A-A-A 型
•cost cut hit hurt let read set put
b. A-B-B A-B-A 型
V |
P |
PP |
V |
P |
PP |
say |
said |
said |
say |
|
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
catch |
|
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
teach |
|
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
buy |
|
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
bring |
|
|
think |
thought |
thought |
think |
|
|
heard |
heard |
heard |
heard |
|
|
b. A-B-B A-B-A 型
V |
P |
PP |
V |
P |
PP |
Have/has |
had |
had |
Have/has |
|
|
make |
made |
made |
make |
|
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
lend |
|
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
spend |
|
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
sit |
|
|
get |
got |
got/gotten |
get |
|
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
lose |
|
|
b. A-B-B A-B-A 型
V |
P |
PP |
V |
P |
PP |
be |
was/were |
been |
be |
|
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
feel |
|
|
find |
found |
found |
find |
|
|
leave |
left |
left |
leave |
|
|
run |
run |
run |
run |
|
|
come |
came |
come |
come |
|
|
become |
become |
became |
become |
|
|
c. A-B-C 型
V |
P |
PP |
V |
P |
PP |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
choose |
|
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
bite |
|
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
wear |
|
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ride |
|
|
write |
wrote |
written |
write |
|
|
take |
took |
taken |
take |
|
|
know |
knew |
known |
know |
|
|
c. A-B-C 型
V |
P |
PP |
V |
P |
PP |
grow |
grew |
grown |
grow |
|
|
blow/throw |
blew/threw |
Blown/thrown |
blow/throw |
|
|
eat |
ate |
eatten |
eat |
|
|
see |
saw |
seen |
see |
|
|
go |
went |
gone |
go |
|
|
do |
did |
done |
do |
|
|
give |
gave |
given |
give |
|
|
have/has + p.p.
•Have/has 是 助動詞
•p.p. 過去分詞 為句中的 Verb 動詞
•Ex. 我已經寫完這封信。
• I have already written this letter.
現在完成式公式(一 )
1. 主詞 + have / has + just (剛剛) + p.p.
already (已經)
ever (曾經)
never(從不)
not (否定) yet
once
twice
數字+times
※ just只能放在過去分詞(p.p.)之前;
※ yet通常放句尾;
※ already可放句尾或p.p.之前。
現在完成式公式( 二)
•主詞 + have/has + p.p. + for + 一段時間
• since +過去時刻
• since + 主詞+ 過去式
for + 一段時間用於現在完成式或過去式
since 常用於現在完成式
現在完成式公式( 二)
•我在這兩小時了。
•I have been here for two hours.
•自從兩點鐘我就在這了。
•I have been here since two o’clock.
•我已學英文三年了。
I have learned English for three years.
•自從三年前我就學英文了。
I have learned English since three years ago.
Exercise
•1. I ______ how to swim since _______.
(A) leared ; I was six
(B) have learned ; last year
(C) had learned ; two years ago
(D) was learning ; last week
Ans: (B)